Notes on maintenance and use of hard tube endoscope

　　硬管內窺鏡在手術過程中受到損壞的現象并不多，雖然會與人體的組織如肌肉、黏膜、骨骼等有接觸和磕碰，但是這些磕碰是輕微的，不會造成窺鏡的損壞，因為它只是起觀察的作用，不是其他器械的受力點。但是在使用其他器械時，尤其是咬合力較大的鉗、剪類器械應注意鏡管的前端不要伸進器械的咬合區內，以免誤傷鏡管。在使用這類器械時，有時醫生為了看清楚咬合區的組織，把窺鏡伸得很靠近組織，器械咬合時窺鏡沒有退回，誤傷了窺鏡。手術時如注意讓器械的咬合口全部都在窺鏡的觀察范圍內就可以避免此類事故發生。

　　There are not many cases of damage to the hard tube endoscope during the operation. Although it may contact and bump with human tissues such as muscles, mucosa and bones, these bumps are slight and will not cause damage to the endoscope, because it is only used for observation, not the force bearing point of other instruments. However, when using other instruments, especially forceps and scissors with large bite force, the front end of the lens tube should not extend into the occlusal area of the instrument, so as to avoid accidental injury to the lens tube. When using this kind of instrument, sometimes the doctor extends the endoscope very close to the tissue in order to see clearly the tissue in the occlusal area. When the instrument is occluded, the endoscope does not return and the endoscope is injured by mistake. This kind of accident can be avoided if the occlusal mouth of the instrument is all within the scope of the endoscope.
             

　　有些手術窺鏡是在鞘管內使用，在更換其他角度窺鏡或插拔器械時，應注意動作要輕，不可用力過猛。尤其是插拔窺鏡過程中，當遇到阻力拔不動時應仔細查找原因，必要時應連同鞘管一起拔取，不要用蠻力。

　　Some operating endoscopes are used in the sheath tube. When replacing the endoscope with other angles or inserting and pulling out the instrument, the action should be light and the force should not be too strong. Especially in the process of inserting and pulling out the endoscope, when the resistance is encountered, the reason should be carefully found out. If necessary, it should be pulled out together with the sheath tube, without brute force.

　　當窺鏡配合激光汽化、高頻電切、微波等光電技術進行手術時，應注意窺鏡前端與點的距離，保證窺鏡前端不被電擊或燒灼。使用這些器械時，主刀醫生應反復練習，掌握窺鏡圖像中物距和實際物距的關系，確認窺鏡前端與點的近距離，以便在實際手術中應用自如。

　　When the endoscope is operated with laser vaporization, high-frequency electrosurgical excision, microwave and other photoelectric technologies, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not shocked or burned. When using these instruments for the first time, the chief surgeon should practice repeatedly to master the relationship between the object distance in the endoscope image and the actual object distance, and confirm the nearest distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point, so that it can be used freely in the actual operation.

　　目前在耳鼻喉科、骨科的臨床手術中已經廣泛使用刨削器來切除病變組織。其刀頭鋒利、硬度高、旋轉速度快、力矩大，如果削到內窺鏡，窺鏡必損無疑。在此類手術中要注意調整沖洗和吸引的速度，隨時保證窺鏡圖像清晰不被血污遮擋，控制刀頭的旋轉部分始終在窺鏡的觀察范圍內，在手術范圍較大時，應先停止刀頭轉動，再移動窺鏡，然后在窺鏡監視下移動刀頭，到合適部位后再開機刨削。當感覺到刨刀工作異常或照度突然降低時，有可能窺鏡已經受損，應及時更換，以免造成更大損失。

　　At present, the planer has been widely used in otolaryngology and orthopedics to remove the pathological tissue. The cutter head is sharp, high hardness, fast rotation speed and large torque. If it is cut to the endoscope, the endoscope will be damaged. In this kind of operation, attention should be paid to adjusting the speed of washing and suction to ensure that the endoscope image is clear at any time, and the rotating part of the knife head is always within the scope of observation of the endoscope. When the operation range is large, the rotation of the knife head should be stopped first, then the endoscope should be moved, and then the knife head should be moved under the monitoring of the endoscope, and then the machine should be started to planing after reaching the appropriate position. When the planer blade works abnormally or the illumination suddenly decreases, the endoscope may have been damaged, so it should be replaced in time to avoid greater loss.

　　一般重要手術，應有一套備用窺鏡和關鍵器械，在發現問題時可以從容地更換；如果使用角度不合適的窺鏡或不配套的器械勉強手術，也容易造成窺鏡的損壞。

　　For general important surgery, there should be a set of spare endoscopes and key instruments, which can be easily replaced when problems are found; if the endoscope with inappropriate angle or incompatible equipment is used to force the operation, it is easy to cause damage to the endoscope.