Endoscopy is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of different departments and diseases. Mainly divided into flexible endoscopy (referred to as soft endoscopy) and rigid endoscopy (referred to as hard endoscopy), soft endoscopy mainly includes gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, etc; Hard mirrors include laparoscopic thoracoscopy, ureteroscopy, cystoscopy, arthroscopy, hysteroscopy, etc.

硬鏡

Hard mirror

硬鏡可以分為腹腔鏡胸腔鏡宮腔鏡等類別。各類型硬鏡與配套設備搭配使用完成各種類型疾病的診斷和。硬鏡的主要配套設備有攝像系統主機，攝像頭，冷光源，監視器，臺車等。硬鏡主要進入人體無菌組織器官或者經外科切口進入人體無菌腔室，如腹腔鏡胸腔鏡關節鏡椎間盤鏡腦室鏡等。硬鏡為棱鏡光學系統，優點是成像清晰，可配多個工作通道，選取多個視角。

Hard mirrors can be classified into categories such as laparoscopic thoracoscopy and hysteroscopy. Various types of hard lenses are used in combination with supporting equipment to complete the diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases. The main supporting equipment for hard mirrors includes camera system hosts, cameras, cold light sources, monitors, trolleys, etc. Hard mirrors mainly enter sterile tissues and organs in the human body or enter sterile chambers through surgical incisions, such as laparoscopic thoracoscopy, arthroscopy, intervertebral disc endoscopy, and ventriculoscopy. The hard mirror is a prism optical system, with the greatest advantage of clear imaging, multiple working channels, and multiple viewing angles.

軟鏡

Soft mirror

軟鏡主要通過人體的自然腔道來完成檢查診斷和，如胃鏡腸鏡喉鏡支氣管鏡等主要通過人體的消化道呼吸道及泌尿道進入人體。軟鏡的光學系統為光導纖維光學系統，此光纖內窺鏡特點是鏡頭部分可被術者操縱改變方向，擴大應用的范圍，但成像效果不如硬質鏡效果好。軟鏡現已應用在消化內科呼吸內科耳鼻喉科泌尿外科肛腸科胸腔外科婦科等多個科室，從簡單的疾病篩查到復雜的賁門失弛緩癥的，帶給患者診治及時準確風險性低手術創傷小和術后恢復快等益處。

Soft endoscopy mainly completes examination, diagnosis, and treatment through the natural lumen of the human body, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, etc. It mainly enters the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. The optical system of the soft mirror is an optical fiber optic system. The biggest feature of this fiber optic endoscope is that the lens can be manipulated by the operator to change direction and expand the application range, but the imaging effect is not as good as that of the hard mirror. Soft endoscopy has been applied in multiple departments such as gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, otolaryngology, urology, anorectal surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, etc. From simple disease screening to the treatment of complex achalasia, it brings benefits such as timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, low risk, minimal surgical trauma, and fast postoperative recovery to patients.

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